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| Ujian Keterinvarian Pengukuran Lintas Kumpulan× | Analisis Faktor Penerokaan (EFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Psikometrik | Statistik |
| Keluarga | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1971–1993 | — |
| Pengasas≠ | Jöreskog, K. G. (1971); Meredith, W. (1993) | — |
| Jenis≠ | Model comparison / hypothesis testing | Latent variable / dimension reduction |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70. DOI ↗ | Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | measurement invariance, factorial invariance, cross-group invariance, MI testing | common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis |
| Berkaitan≠ | 6 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Multi-group measurement invariance testing examines whether a latent construct is measured in the same way across two or more distinct groups — such as cultures, genders, or age cohorts. It is a prerequisite for meaningful group comparisons of latent means or relationships, ensuring that observed score differences reflect true differences rather than measurement artifacts. | Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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