Bandingkan kaedah

	Pensampelan Pengalaman Mudah Alih	Tinjauan Longitudinal
Bidang	Metodologi Tinjauan	Metodologi Tinjauan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1983	1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century
Pengasas	Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi & Reed Larson	Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)
Jenis	Intensive longitudinal data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design
Sumber perintis	Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175(9), 526–536.	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292
Alias	ESM, Experience Sampling Method, Ecological Momentary Assessment, EMA	panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey
Berkaitan	5	3
Ringkasan	Mobile Experience Sampling (ESM) is an intensive longitudinal data-collection technique in which participants respond to brief, repeated questionnaires delivered to their smartphones at random or scheduled intervals throughout the day. By capturing thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and context at or near the moment they occur, ESM minimises retrospective recall bias and provides a high-resolution picture of psychological and behavioral fluctuations in everyday life.	A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support.