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| Skala Kesedaran Perhatian Penuh Perhatian (MAAS)× | Profiler PERMA× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Positif | Psikologi Positif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2003 | 2016 |
| Pengasas≠ | Kirk Warren Brown and Richard M. Ryan | James Butler and Margaret Kern |
| Jenis | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. DOI ↗ | Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | MAAS | PERMA Profiler, PERMA Model |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), developed by Brown and Ryan in 2003, is a 15-item measure of dispositional mindfulness—the tendency to maintain present-moment awareness in daily life. Operationalizing mindfulness as the capacity to pay attention to what is happening now rather than being caught in automatic thought or rumination, the MAAS assesses a core dimension of well-being. Research shows mindfulness predicts reduced stress and anxiety, improved emotion regulation, and greater psychological well-being and resilience. | The PERMA-Profiler is a 23-item multidimensional measure of flourishing developed by Butler and Kern in 2016 based on Seligman's PERMA model of positive psychology. It assesses five core domains of human flourishing—Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment—plus Negative Emotion and Loneliness as contextual factors. This instrument bridges the theoretical PERMA framework with practical measurement, enabling comprehensive assessment of psychological well-being across multiple life dimensions. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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