Bandingkan kaedah

	Model Rantai Markov dalam Ekonomi Kesihatan	Analisis Kos-Manfaat (CBA)
Bidang	Ekonomi Kesihatan	Ekonomi Kesihatan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1983	1970s
Pengasas	Beck & Pauker (medical decision analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital)	Boardman, Greenberg, and colleagues (welfare economics)
Jenis	Method	Method
Sumber perintis	Beck, J. R., & Pauker, S. G. (1983). The Markov Process in Medical Prognosis. Medical Decision Making, 3(4), 419-458.	Boardman, A. E., Greenberg, D. H., Vining, A. R., & Weimer, D. L. (2018). Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice (5th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Alias	Markov model, state transition model, cohort simulation	CBA, economic appraisal, benefit-cost ratio
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	A Markov model is a decision-analytic tool that simulates disease progression through defined health states over time, calculating cumulative costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) to enable cost-effectiveness analysis. Developed by Beck and Pauker in 1983, Markov models are now the standard framework for projecting long-term outcomes of health interventions, especially chronic diseases where patients transition between clinical states (treatment response, disease progression, remission, death). Used by health technology assessment bodies and pharmaceutical companies to predict intervention value beyond trial duration.	Cost-benefit analysis compares the total monetary value of benefits produced by a program against its total monetary costs, reporting net present value (NPV) or benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Rooted in welfare economics and used extensively in public policy (transportation, environmental, education, health), CBA answers the question: 'Is this program worth doing from a societal perspective?' Unlike cost-effectiveness analysis, CBA monetizes both costs and benefits, enabling comparison across disparate program types.