Bandingkan kaedah

	Penyelidikan Sejarah Kehidupan	Penyelidikan Kajian Kes	Etnografi
Bidang	Kualitatif	Kualitatif	Kualitatif
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	Early 20th century (Thomas & Znaniecki 1918–1920); systematised as interview method in the 1990s	1984 (seminal codification)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Pengasas	William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki (sociological tradition); Robert Atkinson (interview method)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Jenis	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Sumber perintis	Atkinson, R. (1998). The Life Story Interview. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761904496	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Alias	life history method, life-history interview, biographical research, personal narrative research	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Berkaitan	6	5	5
Ringkasan	Life history research is a qualitative method that captures the full arc of an individual's life — or a significant portion of it — through extended biographical interviewing and analysis of personal documents. Rooted in early Chicago School sociology, the method treats each life story as a window into broader social, cultural, and historical forces. The researcher and participant co-construct a narrative account that illuminates how personal experience is shaped by, and in turn shapes, wider social structures and processes.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.