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| Soal Selidik Kandungan Kerja× | Skala Stres yang Dirasai× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Gelagat Organisasi | Gelagat Organisasi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1985 | 1983 |
| Pengasas≠ | Robert A. Karasek | Sheldon Cohen, Tom Kamarck, and Robin Mermelstein |
| Jenis | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Karasek, R. A., Jr. (1985). Job Content Questionnaire and user's guide. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering. link ↗ | Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | JCQ, Karasek Strain Questionnaire | PSS |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), developed by Robert Karasek in 1985, operationalizes the Job Strain Model, a foundational theory linking job characteristics to health outcomes. The JCQ measures job demands, decision latitude (autonomy and skill utilization), social support, and physical exertion. It identifies high-strain jobs (high demands, low control)—the most hazardous combination—and supports research linking work organization to cardiovascular disease, mental health, and occupational disability. | The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein in 1983, is the most widely used measure of subjective stress in research and clinical practice. Available in 10-item (PSS-10) and 14-item (PSS-14) versions, the PSS assesses the degree to which individuals perceive situations as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overwhelming. The scale captures stress as a result of how people interpret and react to life events rather than the events themselves. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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