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| Skala Penilaian Kebimbangan Hamilton (HAM-A)× | Skala Kemurungan Kebimbangan Stres-21 (DASS-21)× | Skala Kemurungan Geriatrik (GDS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Klinikal | Psikologi Klinikal | Psikologi Klinikal |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1959 | 1995 | 1982 |
| Pengasas≠ | Max Hamilton | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond | Jerome A. Yesavage, Terry L. Brink, and colleagues |
| Jenis≠ | Clinician-administered anxiety assessment | Three-dimensional mental health screening | Age-appropriate depression screening |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55. DOI ↗ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ | Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | HAM-A, HARS | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 | GDS, GDS-15, GDS-30 |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items. | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. | The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report depression screening instrument specifically designed for older adults. Developed by Yesavage, Brink, and colleagues in 1982, the GDS addresses the unique presentation of depression in aging populations, where symptoms may differ from younger adults. A validated 15-item short form (GDS-15) is widely used in primary care and community settings for rapid screening. |
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