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| Model Respons Bertingkat (GRM)× | Model Kredit Separa (PCM / GPCM)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikometrik | Psikometrik |
| Keluarga | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1969 | 1982 |
| Pengasas≠ | Fumiko Samejima | Geoff N. Masters (PCM, 1982); Eiji Muraki (GPCM, 1992) |
| Jenis≠ | Item response theory / polytomous IRT model | Item Response Theory / Polytomous IRT |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of Latent Ability Using a Response Pattern of Graded Scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, No. 17. link ↗ | Masters, G. N. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Psychometrika, 47(2), 149–174. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | Samejima's GRM, Derecelendirilmiş Tepki Modeli (GRM), graded IRT model | Kısmi Kredi Modeli (PCM / GPCM), Generalized Partial Credit Model, GPCM, PCM |
| Berkaitan≠ | 7 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Graded Response Model is an item response theory model developed by Fumiko Samejima in 1969 for ordered polytomous items such as Likert-type scales. It estimates both the discriminating power of each item and a set of threshold parameters marking the boundaries between adjacent response categories, while simultaneously placing persons on a continuous latent trait scale. | The Partial Credit Model is an extension of the Rasch measurement framework designed for ordered polytomous items — items whose responses fall into more than two ordered categories, such as partial-credit tasks in performance assessment or open-ended scoring rubrics. Proposed by Geoff Masters in 1982 and later generalised by Eiji Muraki in 1992, the model estimates a separate threshold (step) parameter for each adjacent-category transition within every item, allowing fine-grained calibration of how much each additional credit level contributes to locating a person on the latent trait. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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