Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Usaha Tidur Glasgow	Skala Hiperarousal
Bidang	Perubatan Tidur	Perubatan Tidur
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2005	2020
Pengasas	Broomfield, N. M., Espie, C. A.	Riemann, D., Krone, L. B., Wulff, K., Nissen, C.
Jenis	Self-report	Self-report; physiologic measurement
Sumber perintis	Broomfield, N. M., & Espie, C. A. (2005). Initial insomnia severity index scores in primary care strongly predict outcome after cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(11), 1409-1415.	Riemann, D., Krone, L. B., Wulff, K., & Nissen, C. (2020). Sleep, insomnia, and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 74-89.
Alias	GSES, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale	Hyperarousal Scale, Sleep-Related Hyperarousal
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	The Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES) is a brief instrument designed to measure the degree of mental and behavioral effort exerted in attempting to fall asleep. Developed by Broomfield and Espie in 2005, the GSES captures a key cognitive-behavioral maintenance mechanism in insomnia: excessive effort to sleep, anxiety about sleep performance, and counterproductive behaviors (trying hard to fall asleep, monitoring sleep, checking the clock) that paradoxically perpetuate sleep difficulty. The GSES is increasingly recognized as an important outcome measure for cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I).	The Hyperarousal Scale is an assessment tool measuring elevated physiologic and cognitive activation during sleep and wakefulness in insomnia patients. Rooted in contemporary understanding of insomnia as a disorder of hyperarousal (excessive vigilance, elevated muscle tension, racing thoughts, heightened startle response), the scale quantifies the degree to which increased arousal level contributes to insomnia. Hyperarousal is increasingly recognized as a core mechanism underlying insomnia, distinguishing insomnia from simple sleep deprivation.