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	Analisis Keputusan Pelbagai Kriteria Berasaskan GIS (GIS-MCDA)	Proses Hierarki Analitik	Model Lokasi-Peruntukan	Teknik untuk Susunan Keutamaan mengikut Keserupaan dengan Penyelesaian Ideal
Bidang	Analisis Reruang	Pembuatan Keputusan	Analisis Reruang	Pembuatan Keputusan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	MCDM	Process / pipeline	MCDM
Tahun asal	2006	1980	1963	1981
Pengasas	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Saaty, T. L.	Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K.
Jenis	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Pairwise comparison (eigenvalue)	Spatial facility-location optimization	Distance-based (compromise)
Sumber perintis	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York ISBN: 978-0070543713	Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343.	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications — A State-of-the-Art Survey. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag
Alias	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	—	facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri	—
Berkaitan	4	8	4	8
Ringkasan	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saaty, T. L. in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population.	TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.