Bandingkan kaedah

	Regresi Ketakselanjaran Geografi	Kesan Tetap Interaktif
Bidang	Ekonometrik	Ekonometrik
Keluarga	Regression model	Regression model
Tahun asal	2010	2009
Pengasas	Melissa Dell and colleagues	Jushan Bai
Jenis	Spatial quasi-experiment	Panel with latent structure
Sumber perintis	Dell, M. (2018). The persistent effects of Peru's mining mita. Econometrica, 78(6), 1863-1911.	Bai, J. (2009). Panel data models with interactive fixed effects. Econometric Reviews, 28(4), 289-312.
Alias	Spatial RD, Geographic RDD	Factor models with individual heterogeneity
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Geographic Regression Discontinuity (GRD) is a quasi-experimental design that exploits sharp geographic boundaries—borders, policy boundaries, or natural features—to estimate causal effects. Introduced by Dell (2010) and others, it compares outcomes on either side of a boundary where treatment changes abruptly, leveraging the idea that units on opposite sides of a border are otherwise similar. This approach yields credible causal estimates for spatially localized policies, institutional changes, and natural phenomena.	Interactive Fixed Effects (IFE) extends standard fixed-effects panel models by allowing unit-specific intercepts to vary not just at the individual level but also with unobserved common time-varying factors. Introduced by Bai (2009), it models heterogeneity as the interaction of individual characteristics and common shocks, ideal for studying cross-sectional variation in how units respond to macro conditions. This framework dominates when common factors drive substantial heterogeneity.