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| Ujian Kebergantungan Keratan Rentas Bebas untuk Data Panel× | Model Kesan Tetap Data Panel× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Ekonometrik | Ekonometrik |
| Keluarga≠ | Hypothesis test | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1995 | 2014 |
| Pengasas≠ | Edward Frees | Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data |
| Jenis≠ | Non-parametric panel diagnostic test | Panel data regression |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 69(2), 393–414. DOI ↗ | Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | Frees CD Test, Frees Q-statistic Test, Cross-Sectional Dependence Test (Frees), Frees Bağımlılık Testi | fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli |
| Berkaitan≠ | 3 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Frees test, introduced by Edward Frees in 1995, is a non-parametric diagnostic procedure for detecting cross-sectional dependence in panel data. It is designed for settings where N (number of units) is large and T (time periods) is moderate, making it a standard pre-estimation check before applying panel regression methods that assume cross-sectional independence. Applied economists and social scientists routinely use it to verify whether units in the panel share common shocks or spatial linkages. | The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014). |
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