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| Skala Aliran Semasa Bekerja× | Skala Kehadiran Bekerja Tetapi Tidak Produktif Stanford× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kesihatan Pekerjaan | Kesihatan Pekerjaan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1990 | 2002 |
| Pengasas≠ | Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (flow theory); Arnold B. Bakker (work-related flow scale) | Clifford Koopman, Kenneth R. Pelletier, James Murray, and colleagues |
| Jenis | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper & Row. link ↗ | Koopman, C., Pelletier, K. R., Murray, J. F., Sharda, C. E., Berger, M. L., Turpin, R. S., ... & Bendel, T. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health status and employee productivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(1), 14-20. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | FSS-work, Flow State Scale | SPS-6, Presenteeism Scale |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Flow at Work Scale (derived from Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory and operationalized by Bakker as the Work-Related Flow Inventory) measures the degree to which employees experience 'flow'—a state of optimal absorption, focus, and enjoyment in work. Flow is characterized by full concentration, loss of self-consciousness, sense of control, and intrinsic motivation. Developed initially in sports psychology and later adapted for occupational settings, the Flow at Work Scale captures positive engagement and is associated with high performance, creativity, and psychological wellbeing. | The Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) is a brief assessment tool measuring work productivity and performance among employees who are present at work despite health problems, personal issues, or other limitations. Developed by Koopman and colleagues in 2002, the SPS-6 quantifies the degree to which an employee's ability to concentrate, accomplish tasks, and maintain efficiency is compromised while working. Presenteeism—working while ill or impaired—is increasingly recognized as a significant occupational health concern with substantial economic and wellbeing consequences. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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