Bandingkan kaedah

	Serakan Cahaya Dinamik	Penapisan Rietveld XRD
Bidang	Sains Bahan	Sains Bahan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1964	1969
Pengasas	Robert Pecora	Hugo Rietveld
Jenis	Measurement method	Refinement method
Sumber perintis	Pecora, R. (1964). Spectral distribution of scattered light from a suspension of particles. Physica, 30(11), 2055-2070.	Rietveld, H. M. (1969). A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2(2), 65-71.
Alias	DLS, photon correlation spectroscopy, particle size measurement	Rietveld refinement, powder diffraction refinement
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), also known as Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), is an analytical technique for determining the size and size distribution of particles suspended in fluids by analyzing the time-dependent intensity fluctuations of scattered laser light. Developed by Robert Pecora in 1964, DLS exploits the Brownian motion of particles: smaller particles move faster, causing faster intensity fluctuations; larger particles move slower, causing slower fluctuations. By correlating intensity over time, particle size is deduced. DLS is rapid, non-destructive, and requires minimal sample volume, making it the standard technique for characterizing nanoparticles, proteins, colloids, and emulsions.	XRD Rietveld Refinement is a method for extracting detailed crystal structure information from powder diffraction data by comparing observed and calculated diffraction patterns through least-squares refinement. Developed by Hugo Rietveld in 1969, this technique enables determination of atomic positions, occupancies, thermal parameters, and phase fractions directly from powder data without requiring single crystals. It is the standard approach in materials characterization for structural analysis, phase identification, and quantification.