Bandingkan kaedah

	Perlindungan Data dan Privasi dalam Penyelidikan	Pendaftaran Ujian Klinikal
Bidang	Etika Penyelidikan	Etika Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1996	2005
Pengasas	European Union; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; International research ethics community	World Health Organization; International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
Jenis	Regulation	Requirement
Sumber perintis	European Union. (2018). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Official Journal of the European Union, L 119, 1-88.	World Health Organization. (2005). Ensuring that Studies Are Prospectively Registered. International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Statement.
Alias	research privacy, GDPR research, data security, confidentiality	trial registration, prospective registration, ClinicalTrials.gov, trial registry
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	Research involving human subjects generates sensitive data: medical records, genetic information, behavioral responses, economic or social information. Regulatory frameworks—HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) in the U.S., GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) in the European Union, and parallel regulations in other countries—establish legal obligations for data protection and privacy. Researchers must implement technical and procedural safeguards to prevent unauthorized access, maintain confidentiality, and comply with participant rights (access, rectification, deletion, data portability). Understanding data protection requirements is not optional compliance; it is foundational to ethical research.	Clinical trial registration is the prospective documentation of a trial's key information (hypothesis, design, population, outcomes) in a public registry before enrollment begins or results are known. In 2005, the World Health Organization established the requirement that all clinical trials be registered in an internationally recognized registry before participant enrollment. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) made registration a condition for publication in major medical journals in 2005, updated in 2015. Primary registries include ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S.), ISRCTN (UK), EudraCT (EU), and others operating under WHO oversight. Registration serves to prevent selective outcome reporting, reduce publication bias, and enhance research transparency.