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	Analisis Kos-Keberkesanan (CEA)	Pemodelan Analitis Keputusan dalam Ekonomi Kesihatan
Bidang	Ekonomi Kesihatan	Ekonomi Kesihatan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1984	1975
Pengasas	Drummond & Stoddart (Health Economics Research Group, McMaster University)	Pauker & Kassirer (medical decision analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital)
Jenis	Method	Method
Sumber perintis	Gold, M. R., Siegel, J. E., Russell, L. B., & Weinstein, M. C. (Eds.). (1996). Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press.	Pauker, S. G., & Kassirer, J. P. (1975). Therapeutic Decision Making: A Cost-Benefit Analysis. New England Journal of Medicine, 293(5), 229-234.
Alias	CEA, ICER, Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio	decision analysis, decision tree, decision model, health economic model
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	Cost-effectiveness analysis compares the incremental cost per unit of health benefit gained by one intervention relative to a comparator (standard care or best alternative). Developed rigorously in the 1980s by Drummond, Stoddart, and colleagues, CEA is now the standard framework for technology appraisal globally. NICE, HAS, CADTH, and other health technology assessment bodies use CEA to decide which treatments warrant public funding and at what price.	Decision analytic modeling is a systematic framework for comparing health interventions by integrating evidence on probabilities, outcomes, costs, and patient preferences into a quantitative model. Developed by Pauker and Kassirer in 1975, decision analysis structures clinical uncertainty and economic trade-offs, enabling transparent comparison of treatment options and identification of optimal strategies. Used in health technology assessment, clinical practice guideline development, and resource allocation decisions.