Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Depresi Pusat Penyelidikan Epidemiologi (CES-D)	Skala Kemurungan Geriatrik (GDS)	Skala Kebimbangan dan Kemurungan Hospital (HADS)
Bidang	Psikologi Klinikal	Psikologi Klinikal	Psikologi Klinikal
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1977	1982	1983
Pengasas	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	Jerome A. Yesavage, Terry L. Brink, and colleagues	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith
Jenis	Community-based depression assessment	Age-appropriate depression screening	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations
Sumber perintis	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49.	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.
Alias	CES-D, CESD	GDS, GDS-15, GDS-30	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D
Berkaitan	5	5	4
Ringkasan	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report depression screening instrument specifically designed for older adults. Developed by Yesavage, Brink, and colleagues in 1982, the GDS addresses the unique presentation of depression in aging populations, where symptoms may differ from younger adults. A validated 15-item short form (GDS-15) is widely used in primary care and community settings for rapid screening.	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.