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| Indeks Integriti Biotik Bentos (B-IBI)× | Perancangan Kawasan Pemuliharaan Marin Marxan× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Oseanografi | Oseanografi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1981 | 2000 |
| Pengasas≠ | James Karr | Ian Ball |
| Jenis≠ | biotic-index | optimization-algorithm |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Karr, J. R. (1981). Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries, 6(6), 21-27. DOI ↗ | Possingham, H. P., Ball, I., & Andelman, S. (2000). Mathematical methods for identifying representative reserve networks. In S. Ferson & M. Burgman (Eds.), Quantitative Methods for Conservation Biology (pp. 291-306). Springer-Verlag. link ↗ |
| Alias | B-IBI, Benthic IBI | Marxan, Marxan with Zones |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) is an ecological assessment metric that measures the health and integrity of benthic (seafloor) communities based on the composition, abundance, and diversity of benthic fauna. Developed by James Karr in 1981 for freshwater fish assemblages and later adapted for marine benthic communities, the B-IBI provides a holistic measure of ecosystem condition integrating responses to multiple stressors including pollution, habitat degradation, and resource depletion. | Marxan is a decision-support system that uses optimization algorithms to design cost-effective marine protected area (MPA) networks that achieve conservation targets while minimizing socioeconomic costs. Developed by Ian Ball and Hugh Possingham in 2000, Marxan has become the global standard tool for systematic conservation planning in marine environments. The software enables planners to explore trade-offs between conservation effectiveness and economic feasibility. |
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