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| Skala Athens untuk Insomnia (AIS)× | Skala Penilaian Psikiatri Ringkas (BPRS)× | Skala Sindrom Positif dan Negatif (PANSS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikiatri | Psikiatri | Psikiatri |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2000 | 1962 | 1987 |
| Pengasas≠ | Christos R. Soldatos | John E. Overall | Stanley R. Kay |
| Jenis≠ | Self-report questionnaire | Clinician-administered rating scale | Clinician-administered rating scale |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. J. (2000). Athens Insomnia Scale: Validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48(6), 555–560. DOI ↗ | Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10(3), 799–812. DOI ↗ | Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261–276. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | AIS | BPRS, BPRS-E (expanded 24-item version) | PANSS |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The AIS is an 8-item self-report scale designed to assess insomnia severity in adolescents and adults, based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder. Developed by Soldatos and colleagues in 2000, it is widely used in European primary care, psychiatry, and sleep medicine for screening and severity assessment. The AIS is brief (3–5 minutes), applicable across ages and cultures, and sensitive to treatment-induced change in both pharmacological and behavioral interventions. | The BPRS is an 18-item clinician-administered scale for rapid assessment of psychiatric symptom severity in psychotic and other major psychiatric disorders. Developed by Overall and Gorham in 1962, it remains widely used in clinical settings and research trials due to its brevity (administration 15–20 minutes), broad symptom coverage (psychotic, mood, and behavioral symptoms), and robust psychometric properties. The BPRS is particularly valued in acute psychiatry, inpatient units, and longitudinal monitoring where quick, repeated assessments are needed. | The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-administered scale designed to measure the presence and severity of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganization), negative symptoms (affective flattening, alogia, avolition), and general psychopathology in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Developed by Kay, Fiszbein, and Opler in 1987, the PANSS has become the standard rating scale in schizophrenia research, antipsychotic medication trials, and clinical monitoring. It provides comprehensive assessment across three symptom domains and yields a total score reflecting overall disease severity. |
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