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| Ujian Sempadan ARDL (Ujian Sempadan Pesaran)× | Model Pembetulan Ralat Vektor (VECM)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Ekonometrik | Ekonometrik |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2001 | 1987 |
| Pengasas≠ | Pesaran, Shin & Smith | Robert F. Engle and Clive W. J. Granger |
| Jenis≠ | Cointegration test / Autoregressive distributed lag model | Multivariate time-series model |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. DOI ↗ | Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | Pesaran bounds test, bounds testing approach, ARDL cointegration test, ARDL Sınır Testi (Pesaran Bounds Test) | VECM, error correction VAR, cointegrated VAR, vector equilibrium correction model |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The ARDL bounds test is an autoregressive distributed lag method that tests for a cointegrating (long-run level) relationship between time series, introduced by Pesaran, Shin and Smith in 2001. Unlike the Johansen procedure, it remains valid whether the variables are I(0), I(1) or a mix of the two, and it is more reliable than Johansen in small samples of roughly 30 to 80 observations. | The Vector Error Correction Model extends the Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework to a system of variables that share one or more long-run equilibrium relationships. It jointly models short-run dynamics and the speed at which each variable corrects back toward equilibrium after a shock, making it the standard tool for analysing cointegrated multivariate time series. |
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