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| Analisis Kovarians (ANCOVA)× | Analisis Varians Multivariat (MANOVA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Statistik | Statistik |
| Keluarga | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test |
| Tahun asal | 1932 | 1932 |
| Pengasas≠ | Ronald A. Fisher | Samuel Stanley Wilks (Wilks' Lambda, 1932); Roy, Hotelling, Pillai (mid-20th c.) |
| Jenis≠ | Parametric group comparison with covariate control | Parametric multivariate mean comparison |
| Sumber perintis | Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574 | Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574 |
| Alias≠ | analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi) | Multivariate ANOVA, Çok Değişkenli ANOVA (MANOVA) |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013). | MANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares group means across multiple continuous dependent variables, controlling the inflation of Type I error that would result from running separate ANOVAs. Key multivariate test statistics — Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace, and Roy's Greatest Root — were developed between the 1930s and 1950s, with Wilks' Lambda formalised by Samuel Stanley Wilks in 1932. |
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