Bandingkan kaedah

	Kawalan Adaptif	Kawalan Backstepping	Kawalan Pembelajaran Berulang
Bidang	Teori Kawalan	Teori Kawalan	Teori Kawalan
Keluarga	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Tahun asal	1983	1995	1984
Pengasas	Karl J. Astrom	Miroslav Krstic	Suguru Arimoto
Jenis	algorithm	algorithm	algorithm
Sumber perintis	Astrom, K. J., & Wittenmark, B. (1983). Computer-Controlled Systems: Theory and Design. Prentice Hall.	Krstic, M., Kanellakopoulos, I., & Kokotovic, P. (1995). Nonlinear and Adaptive Control Design. John Wiley & Sons.	Arimoto, S., Kawamura, S., & Miyazaki, F. (1984). Bettering operation of robots by learning. Journal of Robotic Systems, 1(2), 123-140.
Alias	Self-Tuning Control, Parameter Estimation Control	Integrator Backstepping, Recursive Lyapunov Design	ILC, Learning Control, Repetitive Control
Berkaitan	3	3	4
Ringkasan	Adaptive Control is a control strategy that adjusts controller parameters in real-time based on online system identification to maintain performance despite changing plant dynamics or uncertain parameters. Pioneered by Astrom and Wittenmark, adaptive control enables robust operation in time-varying environments, from aircraft with fuel depletion to industrial systems with aging components.	Backstepping is a systematic nonlinear control design method that decomposes a complex nonlinear system into simpler subsystems and designs a controller recursively, layer by layer, ensuring stability at each step. Developed by Krstic, Kanellakopoulos, and Kokotovic, backstepping enables control of nonlinear systems without requiring exact model knowledge or full state linearization, combining flexibility with guaranteed stability.	Iterative Learning Control (ILC) is a control method for systems that perform the same task repeatedly (trajectory tracking over a fixed time interval). The key idea is to use error information from previous trials to update the input for the next trial, progressively improving tracking accuracy. Pioneered by Arimoto et al. in 1984, ILC is ideal for robotic manufacturing, semiconductor processing, and any application where the same motion must be repeated many times with high precision.