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| Penyelidikan Tindakan× | Penilaian Program× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Penyelidikan Kualitatif | Kaedah Lapangan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1946 | 1960s–1970s (Scriven 1967; Stufflebeam CIPP model 1971) |
| Pengasas≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Michael Scriven; Daniel Stufflebeam; Peter Rossi |
| Jenis≠ | Method | Applied evaluation methodology |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761908944 |
| Alias≠ | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | evaluation research, program assessment, educational evaluation, systematic program evaluation |
| Berkaitan≠ | 1 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Program evaluation is a systematic, empirically grounded process of collecting and analyzing information about a program to determine its merit, worth, or significance. Applied across education, public health, social services, and policy, it addresses questions such as whether a program is reaching its target population, whether it is being implemented as designed, and whether it is producing the intended outcomes. It draws on both quantitative and qualitative methods and serves accountability, improvement, or knowledge-generation purposes. |
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