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| Penyelidikan Tindakan× | Penyelidikan Kajian Kes× | Analisis Naratif× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Penyelidikan Kualitatif | Kualitatif | Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1946 | 1984 (seminal codification) | 1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook) |
| Pengasas≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984) | Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967) |
| Jenis≠ | Method | Qualitative research design | Qualitative interpretive method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169 | Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology | narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis) |
| Berkaitan≠ | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit. | Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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