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| Penyelidikan Tindakan× | Penyelidikan Kajian Kes× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Penyelidikan Kualitatif | Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1946 | 1984 (seminal codification) |
| Pengasas≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984) |
| Jenis≠ | Method | Qualitative research design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169 |
| Alias | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology |
| Berkaitan≠ | 1 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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