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| Penyelidikan Tindakan× | Penyelidikan Kajian Kes× | Grounded Theory× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Penyelidikan Kualitatif | Kualitatif | Penyelidikan Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1946 | 1984 (seminal codification) | 1967 |
| Pengasas≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984) | Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss |
| Jenis≠ | Method | Qualitative research design | Method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169 | Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology | GT, Grounded Theory Approach |
| Berkaitan≠ | 1 | 5 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit. | Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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