Salīdzināt metodes
Apskatiet izvēlētās metodes blakus; rindas, kas atšķiras, ir izceltas.
| P vērtība un statistiskā nozīmība× | Nulles hipotēzes testēšana× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nozare | Pētniecības statistika | Pētniecības statistika |
| Saime | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Izcelsmes gads | 1925 | 1925 |
| Autors≠ | Ronald Fisher | Ronald Fisher; Neyman & Pearson |
| Tips | Concept | Concept |
| Pirmavots | Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd. link ↗ | Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd. link ↗ |
| Citi nosaukumi≠ | p-value, significance test, statistical significance, alpha level | NHST, hypothesis formulation, null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis |
| Saistītās≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Kopsavilkums≠ | The p-value is the probability of observing data as extreme as or more extreme than what was actually observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in 1925, it is the foundation of frequentist hypothesis testing. Statistical significance is declared when the p-value falls below a pre-specified threshold (alpha level, typically 0.05). | Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) is the dominant statistical framework in empirical research. The null hypothesis (H₀) represents the default assumption—typically 'no effect' or 'no difference'—while the alternative hypothesis (H₁) represents the claim being tested. The test calculates the probability of observing the data given H₀ is true (p-value); if p is very small, H₀ is rejected in favor of H₁. Formulated by Ronald Fisher and extended by Neyman and Pearson in the early 20th century, NHST is foundational to confirmatory research but has been widely critiqued for misuse and misinterpretation. |
| ScholarGateDatu kopa ↗ |
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