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Salīdzināt metodes

Apskatiet izvēlētās metodes blakus; rindas, kas atšķiras, ir izceltas.

Hierarhiski deskriptīvā pētniecība×Salīdzinošā aprakstošā pētniecība×
NozarePētījuma dizainsPētījuma dizains
SaimeProcess / pipelineProcess / pipeline
Izcelsmes gads1980s–1990s (multilevel descriptive formalization)Mid-20th century, formalized in research methods texts from the 1960s onward
AutorsFormalized within survey and educational research traditions; associated with Hox, Raudenbush, Bryk, and CreswellCodified in educational and behavioral research methods literature; no single originator
TipsQuantitative observational/descriptive designNon-experimental quantitative research design
PirmavotsHox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728455Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0078097874
Citi nosaukumimultilevel descriptive design, nested descriptive study, hierarchical survey design, stratified descriptive researchcomparative survey design, descriptive comparative study, group-comparison descriptive research, CDR
Saistītās43
KopsavilkumsHierarchical descriptive research is an observational design that documents the current state of a phenomenon across two or more nested levels — for example, students within classrooms within schools, or employees within teams within organizations. Rather than testing hypotheses or explaining causation, it describes distributions, frequencies, and relationships at each level, making explicit the structured, layered nature of the population being studied.Comparative descriptive research is a non-experimental quantitative design that systematically documents characteristics, attitudes, behaviors, or conditions across two or more naturally occurring groups, then places those descriptions side by side to identify similarities and differences. Unlike causal-comparative designs, it makes no claim about why groups differ — it rigorously answers the question 'How do these groups compare on this characteristic?' without manipulating any variable.
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ScholarGateSalīdzināt metodes: Hierarchical Descriptive Research · Comparative Descriptive Research. Izgūts 2026-06-18 no https://scholargate.app/lv/compare