手法を比較

	参考文献管理ソフトウェア：Zotero、Mendeley、EndNote	デジタルオブジェクト識別子システム
分野	研究スキル	研究スキル
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1989 (EndNote original); 2006 (Zotero); 2008 (Mendeley acquired by Elsevier)	1998 (concept); 2001 (widespread adoption)
提唱者	Zotero (George Mason University, 2006); Mendeley (Elsevier, 2008 acquisition); EndNote (Clarivate, 1988 original; acquired 2016)	Norman Paskin, CrossRef and International DOI Foundation (1998)
種類	Tool	Standard
原典	Zotero project team (2024). Zotero: Free reference management software. https://www.zotero.org	Paskin, N. (2010). Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 3rd ed., 1586–1592. ISBN: 978-0-8493-9712-7
別名	reference manager, citation software, Zotero, Mendeley	DOI, Digital Object Identifier, persistent identifier
関連	4	4
概要	Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote are the three most widely used reference management applications. Each helps researchers organize bibliographic references, annotate articles, and generate formatted citations and bibliographies. Zotero (launched 2006 by George Mason University) is free and open-source; Mendeley (acquired by Elsevier in 2008) offers a freemium model; EndNote (originally developed in 1989, now owned by Clarivate) is commercial. All three integrate with word processors and support multiple citation styles. Choosing between them depends on budget, collaboration needs, storage requirements, and preferred features.	A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique, persistent alphanumeric code that identifies a scholarly work (journal article, book chapter, dataset, preprint) and persists even if the URL changes. Introduced in 1998 by Norman Paskin and the International DOI Foundation, DOIs are now standard in academic publishing. They consist of a prefix (assigned to a publisher or organization) and a suffix (assigned to an individual work), formatted as 10.XXXX/XXXXX (e.g., 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097). DOIs are registered with international agencies (CrossRef, DataCite, mEDRA) and resolve through the centralized resolver https://doi.org/, ensuring that a DOI will direct users to the correct article regardless of whether the publisher's website changes location.