手法を比較

	健康経済学における支払意思額（WTP）	Health Economicsにおける意思決定分析モデリング
分野	医療経済学	医療経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980s	1975
提唱者	Carson & Louviere (stated preference/contingent valuation methods)	Pauker & Kassirer (medical decision analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital)
種類	Method	Method
原典	Carson, R. T., & Louviere, J. J. (2011). A Common Nomenclature for Stated Choice Studies. In S. Hess & A. Daly (Eds.), Choice Modelling: The State of the Art and the State of Practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.	Pauker, S. G., & Kassirer, J. P. (1975). Therapeutic Decision Making: A Cost-Benefit Analysis. New England Journal of Medicine, 293(5), 229-234.
別名	WTP, contingent valuation, stated preference method	decision analysis, decision tree, decision model, health economic model
関連	5	5
概要	Willingness to pay (WTP) is an economic valuation method that elicits what individuals or society are willing to spend for a health benefit or to avoid a health risk. Rooted in contingent valuation (Carson & Louviere, 1980s), WTP is used to monetize health outcomes for cost-benefit analysis and to infer implicit cost-effectiveness thresholds from actual healthcare spending patterns. Unlike revealed preference (observing actual spending behavior), WTP uses stated preferences—surveys asking respondents: 'How much would you pay for this health improvement?'	Decision analytic modeling is a systematic framework for comparing health interventions by integrating evidence on probabilities, outcomes, costs, and patient preferences into a quantitative model. Developed by Pauker and Kassirer in 1975, decision analysis structures clinical uncertainty and economic trade-offs, enabling transparent comparison of treatment options and identification of optimal strategies. Used in health technology assessment, clinical practice guideline development, and resource allocation decisions.