手法を比較

	健康経済学における支払意思額（WTP）	費用便益分析（CBA）
分野	医療経済学	医療経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980s	1970s
提唱者	Carson & Louviere (stated preference/contingent valuation methods)	Boardman, Greenberg, and colleagues (welfare economics)
種類	Method	Method
原典	Carson, R. T., & Louviere, J. J. (2011). A Common Nomenclature for Stated Choice Studies. In S. Hess & A. Daly (Eds.), Choice Modelling: The State of the Art and the State of Practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.	Boardman, A. E., Greenberg, D. H., Vining, A. R., & Weimer, D. L. (2018). Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice (5th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
別名	WTP, contingent valuation, stated preference method	CBA, economic appraisal, benefit-cost ratio
関連	5	5
概要	Willingness to pay (WTP) is an economic valuation method that elicits what individuals or society are willing to spend for a health benefit or to avoid a health risk. Rooted in contingent valuation (Carson & Louviere, 1980s), WTP is used to monetize health outcomes for cost-benefit analysis and to infer implicit cost-effectiveness thresholds from actual healthcare spending patterns. Unlike revealed preference (observing actual spending behavior), WTP uses stated preferences—surveys asking respondents: 'How much would you pay for this health improvement?'	Cost-benefit analysis compares the total monetary value of benefits produced by a program against its total monetary costs, reporting net present value (NPV) or benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Rooted in welfare economics and used extensively in public policy (transportation, environmental, education, health), CBA answers the question: 'Is this program worth doing from a societal perspective?' Unlike cost-effectiveness analysis, CBA monetizes both costs and benefits, enabling comparison across disparate program types.