手法を比較

	Walkability Index	Urban Sprawl Measurement
分野	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2010	2014
提唱者	Lawrence Frank and colleagues	Reid Ewing & Shima Hamidi (building on Galster et al.)
種類	Composite neighbourhood index of how supportive the built environment is of walking	Composite index combining multiple dimensions of urban form into a sprawl/compactness score
原典	Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Leary, L., Cain, K., Conway, T. L., & Hess, P. M. (2010). The development of a walkability index: Application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 924–933.	Ewing, R., & Hamidi, S. (2015). Compactness versus sprawl: A review of recent evidence from the United States. Journal of Planning Literature, 30(4), 413–432.
別名	Frank Walkability Index, Walk Score, Neighborhood Walkability Index, Pedestrian Environment Index	Sprawl Index, Compactness Index of Sprawl, Ewing Sprawl Index, Composite Sprawl Measure
関連	4	4
概要	A walkability index measures how well a neighbourhood's built environment supports walking, by combining a small set of land-use and street-design variables into a single score. The influential index developed by Lawrence Frank and colleagues sums standardized measures of residential density, land-use mix, street connectivity, and retail floor-area ratio, giving extra weight to intersection density because connected street grids most strongly enable walking. Consumer tools such as Walk Score popularized the same idea by scoring an address on the proximity and variety of nearby destinations, making walkability a routine input to planning, public health, and real-estate analysis.	Urban sprawl measurement quantifies how compact or sprawling a metropolitan region is by combining several distinct dimensions of urban form into a single composite index. The dominant approach, developed by Reid Ewing, Shima Hamidi and colleagues, captures four factors — development density, land-use mix, activity centering, and street-network connectivity — and folds standardized indicators of each into one score, calibrated so the average region equals 100 and higher values mean greater compactness. Because sprawl is multidimensional, no single variable such as density adequately describes it, which is why the composite-index strategy has become the standard for comparing regions and linking form to outcomes.