手法を比較

	Visitor Experience and Resource Protection	Limits of Acceptable Change
分野	Tourism Recreation	Tourism Recreation
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1997	1985
提唱者	U.S. National Park Service (Denver Service Center)	George H. Stankey, David N. Cole, Robert C. Lucas, Margaret E. Petersen & Sidney S. Frissell
種類	Carrying-capacity and visitor-use planning pipeline	Condition-based recreation and wilderness planning pipeline
原典	National Park Service (1997). VERP: The Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) Framework — A Handbook for Planners and Managers. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center.	Stankey, G. H., Cole, D. N., Lucas, R. C., Petersen, M. E., & Frissell, S. S. (1985). The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) System for Wilderness Planning. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-176. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
別名	VERP Framework, NPS Carrying Capacity Framework, Visitor Experience Resource Protection Planning	LAC Planning Framework, Acceptable Change Planning, LAC Wilderness Planning System
関連	3	3
概要	Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) is the U.S. National Park Service's framework for addressing carrying capacity by managing the conditions of both park resources and visitor experiences rather than counting visitors. Set out in the 1997 NPS handbook, VERP reflects the same insight that drove the Limits of Acceptable Change system: there is no single defensible number of visitors a park can hold, so management should instead define the conditions it wishes to maintain and act to keep them within acceptable limits. VERP proceeds by grounding the plan in the park's purpose and significance, dividing the park into management zones with prescribed desired conditions, selecting measurable indicators of quality for resources and experiences, setting standards for those indicators in each zone, monitoring conditions, and managing visitor use whenever a standard is violated. It is the park-planning counterpart to LAC and is woven into the general-management-planning process.	The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) framework is a planning system for managing recreation and wilderness areas that shifts the central question from 'how much use is too much?' to 'how much change in conditions is acceptable, and where?' Developed by George Stankey and colleagues for the USDA Forest Service in 1985, LAC accepts that any human use produces some change and that managers must therefore define, in advance, the conditions they are willing to tolerate. The framework proceeds through a structured sequence: partition the area into opportunity classes, choose measurable indicators of resource and social conditions, set explicit standards for each indicator by class, monitor those indicators over time, and trigger management actions whenever a standard is exceeded. By anchoring decisions to desired conditions rather than to a single carrying-capacity number, LAC turns visitor management into a transparent, defensible, and monitorable process.