手法を比較

	逐語的盗用	言い換え盗用
分野	研究倫理	研究倫理
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1950s	1980s
提唱者	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)
種類	Concept	Concept
原典	Council of Canadian Academies (2019). The state of science and technology in Canada. Ottawa: Council of Canadian Academies.	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.
別名	direct plagiarism, copy-and-paste plagiarism, literal copying	insufficient paraphrase, close paraphrase, lazy paraphrasing
関連	4	4
概要	Verbatim plagiarism is the most straightforward and recognizable form of academic misconduct: copying text word-for-word from a source without quotation marks, citation, or attribution. It is the most easily detected form of plagiarism and carries severe institutional and career consequences.	Paraphrasing plagiarism occurs when an author rewrites another's ideas in different words but does not cite the source. Unlike verbatim plagiarism (copying word-for-word), paraphrasing plagiarism involves changing vocabulary and sentence structure while retaining the original argument, logic, or conceptual content without attribution. It is harder to detect than direct copying but is still a clear violation of academic integrity.