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	Urban Scaling Laws	Urban Network Analysis
分野	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2007	2012
提唱者	Luís Bettencourt & Geoffrey West	Andres Sevtsuk & Michael Mekonnen
種類	Power-law regression of urban indicators against population size	Graph-based centrality analysis of spatial urban networks
原典	Bettencourt, L. M. A., Lobo, J., Helbing, D., Kühnert, C., & West, G. B. (2007). Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(17), 7301–7306.	Sevtsuk, A., & Mekonnen, M. (2012). Urban network analysis: A new toolbox for ArcGIS. Revue Internationale de Géomatique, 22(2), 287–305.
別名	Urban Scaling, Settlement Scaling Theory, Power-Law Urban Scaling, Superlinear and Sublinear Urban Scaling	UNA Toolbox, Spatial Network Centrality, Building-Level Network Analysis, Street Network Centrality Analysis
関連	4	4
概要	Urban scaling laws describe how the aggregate properties of cities — wealth, innovation, infrastructure, crime — change systematically with population size, following power laws rather than growing in simple proportion. Building on the 2007 work of Luís Bettencourt, Geoffrey West and colleagues, the framework shows that socioeconomic outputs typically scale superlinearly (a doubling of population more than doubles GDP and patents) while infrastructure scales sublinearly (larger cities need proportionally fewer roads and cables per person), with a single exponent β capturing the regularity across an entire urban system.	Urban network analysis treats a city as a spatial graph of streets and buildings and measures the centrality of each location — how reachable, how central, and how well-connected it is along the actual travel network. Formalized in the Urban Network Analysis toolbox by Andres Sevtsuk and Michael Mekonnen in 2012, it differs from generic network science by weighting graph nodes with real urban data such as building floor area or population and by computing centralities within bounded search radii. The result is a set of metrics — reach, gravity, betweenness, closeness, straightness — that quantify the structural role of every building or street segment in the urban fabric.