手法を比較

	Urban Metabolism Analysis	Urban Green Space Analysis
分野	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1965	2014
提唱者	Abel Wolman (the metabolism-of-cities concept)	Landscape ecology and environmental-justice scholarship (e.g. Wolch, Byrne & Newell)
種類	Accounting of material and energy inputs, stocks, and outputs of a city	Measurement of green space quantity, vegetation cover, and accessibility
原典	Wolman, A. (1965). The metabolism of cities. Scientific American, 213(3), 178–190.	Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities 'just green enough'. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234–244.
別名	Material Flow Analysis, Urban Material and Energy Flows, City Metabolism Accounting, Urban Mass Balance	Green Space Provision Analysis, Urban Greenness Assessment, Green Space Accessibility Analysis, NDVI Greenness Mapping
関連	4	4
概要	Urban metabolism analysis treats a city as a living organism that ingests materials, water, energy and food and excretes wastes, emissions and outflows, accounting for these flows to understand and improve a city's resource use. Drawing on the biological metaphor that Abel Wolman introduced in his 1965 'The metabolism of cities', the method draws a system boundary around the urban area and constructs a mass and energy balance of everything entering, accumulating in, and leaving it. The resulting per-capita flows and efficiency indicators expose how resource-intensive a city is and where interventions could close material loops.	Urban green space analysis measures how much vegetation and parkland a city provides and how fairly residents can reach it, combining remote-sensing greenness, per-capita provision, and accessibility into evidence for planning and public health. Satellite vegetation indices such as NDVI map greenness pixel by pixel; per-capita ratios benchmark provision against standards; and gravity or threshold accessibility measures show who lives within reach of a park. As Wolch, Byrne and Newell argued, the analysis is inseparable from environmental justice — green space is unevenly distributed, and its provision must be designed to be 'just green enough' without driving displacement.