手法を比較

	三角測量調査	半構造化インタビュー
分野	調査方法論	質的手法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1978 (Denzin); widely operationalized in survey contexts from the 1990s onward	1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s
提唱者	Norman K. Denzin (triangulation concept); Alan Bryman (mixed-methods survey application)	Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale
種類	Mixed-methods data collection design	Qualitative research method
原典	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422
別名	survey triangulation, multi-method survey, convergent survey design, cross-validated survey	guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI
関連	5	6
概要	A Triangulated Survey deliberately combines a structured survey instrument with at least one additional data source — such as interviews, focus groups, observation, or a second survey — so that findings from each source can be cross-validated against the others. Rooted in Denzin's concept of methodological triangulation, the design strengthens credibility by checking whether independent lines of evidence converge on the same conclusions. It is especially common in applied social, educational, and health research.	The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research.