手法を比較

	Tourism Area Life Cycle	Limits of Acceptable Change
分野	Tourism Studies	Tourism Recreation
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980	1985
提唱者	Richard W. Butler	George H. Stankey, David N. Cole, Robert C. Lucas, Margaret E. Petersen & Sidney S. Frissell
種類	Evolutionary stage model of destination development	Condition-based recreation and wilderness planning pipeline
原典	Butler, R. W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien, 24(1), 5-12.	Stankey, G. H., Cole, D. N., Lucas, R. C., Petersen, M. E., & Frissell, S. S. (1985). The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) System for Wilderness Planning. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-176. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
別名	TALC, Butler Sequence, Destination Life Cycle, Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution	LAC Planning Framework, Acceptable Change Planning, LAC Wilderness Planning System
関連	3	3
概要	The Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC), introduced by Richard Butler in 1980, models a destination as evolving through a recognisable sequence of stages, much as a product moves through its life cycle. Plotted as visitor numbers against time, a typical destination traces an S-shaped curve running from exploration, through involvement, development, consolidation, and stagnation, after which it faces a fork: decline, or rejuvenation. The model's central message is managerial — as a destination grows it approaches its carrying capacity, and the deteriorating physical, social, and economic conditions that follow stagnation are not inevitable but depend on whether managers intervene in time. Butler's paper, published in the Canadian Geographer, became one of the most cited frameworks in tourism studies precisely because it links a destination's growth trajectory to the resource-management decisions that determine its fate.	The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) framework is a planning system for managing recreation and wilderness areas that shifts the central question from 'how much use is too much?' to 'how much change in conditions is acceptable, and where?' Developed by George Stankey and colleagues for the USDA Forest Service in 1985, LAC accepts that any human use produces some change and that managers must therefore define, in advance, the conditions they are willing to tolerate. The framework proceeds through a structured sequence: partition the area into opportunity classes, choose measurable indicators of resource and social conditions, set explicit standards for each indicator by class, monitor those indicators over time, and trigger management actions whenever a standard is exceeded. By anchoring decisions to desired conditions rather than to a single carrying-capacity number, LAC turns visitor management into a transparent, defensible, and monitorable process.