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	Total Factor Productivity	Fisher Ideal Index
分野	経済学	経済学
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1957	1922
提唱者	Robert Solow; Caves, Christensen & Diewert	Irving Fisher; superlative theory by W. Erwin Diewert
種類	Productivity measurement via index numbers and production functions	Superlative index number for aggregating prices or quantities
原典	Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312–320.	Fisher, I. (1922). The Making of Index Numbers: A Study of Their Varieties, Tests, and Reliability. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN: 9780678006597
別名	TFP, Multifactor Productivity, MFP, Joint Factor Productivity	Fisher Index, Fisher's Ideal Index, Ideal Index Number, Fisher Price Index
関連	4	3
概要	Total factor productivity (TFP), also called multifactor productivity, measures how much output an economic unit produces from a given bundle of all its inputs taken together — capital, labour, and often intermediate materials. It is the efficiency with which inputs are jointly transformed into output, and it captures everything that raises output without raising measured inputs: technology, organization, and the reallocation of resources. TFP is measured in two broad ways: the index-number approach, which forms the ratio of an aggregate output index to an aggregate input index using economically justified (superlative) weights, and the econometric production-function approach, which estimates the technology and recovers productivity as an unobserved term.	The Fisher ideal index is a superlative index number that aggregates many individual prices or quantities into a single measure of overall change by taking the geometric mean of the Laspeyres (base-weighted) and Paasche (current-weighted) indices. Proposed by Irving Fisher in his 1922 treatise as the 'ideal' formula because it passes a battery of desirable axiomatic tests, it was later shown by W. Erwin Diewert to be exact for a flexible (quadratic) aggregator, giving it both an axiomatic and an economic-theoretic justification. It is the index of choice when a measure must satisfy the time-reversal and factor-reversal tests exactly.