手法を比較

	Thin-Slicing	Stereotype Content Model
分野	社会心理学	社会心理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1992	2002
提唱者	Nalini Ambady & Robert Rosenthal	Susan Fiske, Amy Cuddy, Peter Glick & Jun Xu
種類	Observational judgment method	Theoretical-and-measurement model of stereotype content
原典	Ambady, N., & Rosenthal, R. (1992). Thin slices of expressive behavior as predictors of interpersonal consequences: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111(2), 256-274.	Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878-902.
別名	Thin Slices of Behavior, Brief Observation Method, Zero-Acquaintance Judgment	SCM, Warmth-Competence Model, Mixed Stereotype Content Model
関連	3	3
概要	Thin-slicing, established by Ambady and Rosenthal's 1992 meta-analysis, is the finding and method that judgments based on very brief samples of expressive behavior -- sometimes only a few seconds -- can predict consequential interpersonal outcomes with surprising accuracy. In the paradigm, short clips (thin slices) of a target's nonverbal and verbal behavior are shown to naive observers who rate a trait or quality, and these ratings are correlated with an independent criterion such as teaching effectiveness, clinical skill, rapport, or relationship outcomes. Ambady and Rosenthal showed across many studies that thin-slice judgments are reliable and valid, and that lengthening the observation often adds little accuracy. The method became a key tool for studying interpersonal perception, first impressions, and the information carried by brief behavioral displays, while also raising questions about the bases and biases of rapid social judgment.	The Stereotype Content Model (SCM), introduced by Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, and Xu in 2002, proposes that stereotypes of social groups are organized along two fundamental dimensions: warmth (whether a group is friendly and well-intentioned or hostile) and competence (whether it is capable and effective or not). Crucially, many stereotypes are mixed -- high on one dimension and low on the other -- producing four characteristic combinations. The model further specifies the social-structural origins of these perceptions: competence judgments track a group's perceived status, and warmth judgments track perceived competition. Each warmth-by-competence quadrant elicits a distinct emotion -- admiration, pity, envy, or contempt -- and, in the related BIAS map, distinct helping and harming behaviors. By giving stereotype content a systematic two-dimensional structure tied to social structure, emotion, and action, the SCM became one of the most influential frameworks in the study of prejudice.