手法を比較

	Tau-U	Single-System Design
分野	Social Work	Social Work
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2011	2009
提唱者	Richard I. Parker, Kimberly J. Vannest, John L. Davis & Stephanie B. Sauber	Martin Bloom, Joel Fischer & John G. Orme (codification in social work)
種類	Rank-based nonoverlap effect size that can correct for baseline trend	Time-series design for evaluating intervention with a single client system
原典	Parker, R. I., Vannest, K. J., Davis, J. L., & Sauber, S. B. (2011). Combining nonoverlap and trend for single-case research: Tau-U. Behavior Therapy, 42(2), 284–299.	Bloom, M., Fischer, J., & Orme, J. G. (2009). Evaluating Practice: Guidelines for the Accountable Professional (6th ed.). Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. ISBN: 9780205458066
別名	Tau-U Single-Case, Parker Tau-U, Kendall Tau Nonoverlap, Tau-U Effect Size	Single-Subject Design, Single-Case Design, N-of-1 Design, Single-System Evaluation
関連	4	4
概要	Tau-U is a rank-based effect-size index for single-case research that combines the degree of nonoverlap between baseline and treatment phases with the trend within phases, and that can optionally subtract out any improving trend already present in the baseline. Developed by Richard Parker, Kimberly Vannest, and colleagues in 2011, it extends the Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP) statistic by adding a Kendall-style trend component, giving practitioners a single index that is robust to outliers, has a known sampling distribution for significance testing, and does not unfairly credit a treatment for change that the baseline was already heading toward.	A single-system design is a time-series approach to evaluating practice in which a single client system — an individual, family, group, or organization — is measured repeatedly on a clearly defined target before and during (and sometimes after) an intervention. By tracking the same system over time rather than comparing a treatment group to a control group, it lets a practitioner judge whether their own intervention is associated with change in the people they actually serve. It is the methodological backbone of the 'accountable professional' tradition codified by Bloom, Fischer, and Orme.