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	シュテファン・マクスウェル拡散	ブシネスク近似
分野	熱力学	熱力学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1871	1903
提唱者	Josef Stefan and James Clerk Maxwell	Joseph Boussinesq
種類	Diffusion equation	Approximation technique
原典	Reid, R. C., Prausnitz, J. M., & Poling, B. E. (1987). The Properties of Gases and Liquids (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0071247009	Boussinesq, J. (1903). Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur. Gauthier-Villars.
別名	Stefan-Maxwell equation, multicomponent diffusion	buoyancy approximation, Boussinesq model
関連	3	3
概要	The Stefan-Maxwell diffusion equation describes how multiple chemical species diffuse through each other in a mixture, accounting for interactions between all species pairs. Unlike Fick's law, which assumes species diffuse independently, Stefan-Maxwell theory captures the coupling that occurs when species with different diffusivities move at different rates. This is essential for analyzing gas separation, combustion, catalytic processes, and reactive distillation.	The Boussinesq Approximation simplifies the governing equations for natural convection by treating density as constant except in the buoyancy term. This approximation is valid when temperature variations produce small density changes and allows researchers to solve coupled heat-fluid flow problems without solving the full, nonlinear compressibility equations. The Boussinesq Approximation is fundamental to analyzing buoyancy-driven flows in buildings, enclosures, and geophysical applications.