手法を比較

	Starch Grain Analysis	Site Catchment Analysis
分野	考古学	考古学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2004	1970
提唱者	Developed in paleoethnobotany; systematized by Deborah M. Pearsall and colleagues	Claudio Vita-Finzi & Eric S. Higgs
種類	Microbotanical extraction-and-identification pipeline for ancient starch granules	Spatial economic pipeline delimiting and characterizing a site's exploitation territory
原典	Pearsall, D. M. (2015). Paleoethnobotany: A Handbook of Procedures (3rd ed.). Routledge / Left Coast Press. ISBN: 9781611322996	Vita-Finzi, C., & Higgs, E. S. (1970). Prehistoric Economy in the Mount Carmel Area of Palestine: Site Catchment Analysis. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 36, 1-37.
別名	Ancient Starch Analysis, Starch Granule Microfossil Analysis, Archaeological Starch Residue Analysis, Starch Microbotany	Catchment Analysis, Site Exploitation Territory Analysis, Economic Catchment Modeling, Resource Catchment Analysis
関連	2	2
概要	Starch grain analysis recovers and identifies microscopic starch granules preserved on archaeological artifacts and in dental calculus to reconstruct ancient plant use. Many economically important plants — tubers, roots, seeds, and cereals — store energy as starch in granules whose size, shape, hilum position, and surface features can be diagnostic of a plant family, genus, or even species. Because starch can lodge in the use-wear pits of grinding stones, adhere to pottery, settle into sediments, and become trapped in calcified dental plaque, it survives where charred macroremains do not, opening a window onto plants such as manioc, potato, and banana that rarely carbonize. Under polarized light, intact starch shows a characteristic birefringent extinction cross, and identification proceeds by morphometric comparison to modern reference granules, following procedures consolidated in Pearsall's paleoethnobotanical handbook.	Site catchment analysis models a settlement's economy by delimiting the territory that its inhabitants could realistically exploit and inventorying the resources within it. Introduced by Claudio Vita-Finzi and Eric Higgs in their 1970 study of the Mount Carmel area, the method rests on the premise that the cost of moving to and from a site falls off sharply with distance, so most subsistence activity occurs within a limited radius. By drawing a catchment — classically the area within one or two hours' walk — and measuring how much of it is arable land, grazing, water, lithic sources, or wild biota, the analyst characterizes whether a site is oriented toward farming, herding, hunting, or gathering. Modern practice replaces simple circles with terrain-sensitive least-cost territories computed in a Geographical Information System, as set out by Conolly and Lake.