手法を比較

	Spot Observation Sampling	Anthropological Household Survey
分野	Anthropology	Anthropology
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1984	2017
提唱者	Time-allocation tradition in cultural anthropology (synthesized by Gross)	Survey-research tradition adapted to community fieldwork (Bernard)
種類	Instantaneous sampling procedure for estimating time allocation	Structured survey design taking the household as the unit of analysis
原典	Gross, D. R. (1984). Time allocation: a tool for the study of cultural behavior. Annual Review of Anthropology, 13, 519–558.	Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN: 9780759112421
別名	Spot Check Sampling, Instantaneous Spot Observation, Random Spot Checks, Spot Sampling	Household Census, Community Household Survey, Household Economic Survey, Household Roster Survey
関連	4	4
概要	Spot observation sampling is a time-allocation technique in which an observer arrives at randomly chosen moments and records, instantaneously, exactly what each visible person is doing at that instant — not what they were doing before or after. Because the moments are sampled at random across the daily and seasonal round, the proportion of spot observations that fall in a given activity is an unbiased estimate of the proportion of time people spend in that activity. It turns a scatter of brief snapshots into a quantitative budget of how a community allocates its waking hours.	An anthropological household survey is a structured or semi-structured, census-style instrument administered to the households of a community to record their composition, economy, and assets in a standardized form. Taking the household rather than the individual as the unit of analysis, it captures who lives together, how they are related, what they own and produce, and how they make a living. Whether applied as a full census of every household or to a representative sample, it turns the texture of community life into comparable, aggregable data that complement participant observation.