手法を比較

	空間的マッチング推定量	粗化完全マッチング（CEM）
分野	因果推論	因果推論
系統	Regression model	Regression model
提唱年	2000s–2010s	2011-2012
提唱者	Extension of Abadie & Imbens (2006) matching estimator to spatial settings; geographic applications developed in urban/environmental econometrics literature	Iacus, King, & Porro
種類	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Matching / causal inference
原典	Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2006). Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects. Econometrica, 74(1), 235-267.	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.
別名	geographic matching estimator, spatial nearest-neighbor matching, location-based matching estimator, spatially-weighted matching	CEM, coarsened matching, monotonic imbalance bounding matching
関連	6	6
概要	The Spatial Matching Estimator estimates causal treatment effects by pairing each treated geographic unit with one or more similar untreated units nearby, exploiting the assumption that units close in space share similar unobserved characteristics. By restricting matches to a geographic neighbourhood or weighting by spatial proximity, the method controls for location-specific confounders that standard matching ignores.	Coarsened Exact Matching is a preprocessing method that achieves covariate balance by temporarily coarsening continuous variables into bins, exactly matching treated and control units within those bins, and then discarding all unmatched units. Introduced by Iacus, King, and Porro (2011, 2012), it bounds imbalance on each covariate independently, yielding a matched sample on which any estimator can be applied without relying on a propensity score model.