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	Sociophonetic Analysis	Vowel Formant Analysis
分野	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2006	1952
提唱者	Sociophoneticians (William Labov; Paul Foulkes; Erik R. Thomas)	Acoustic phoneticians (Gordon Peterson & Harold Barney)
種類	Workflow correlating acoustic phonetic measurement with social factors	Acoustic measurement workflow for vowel quality
原典	Foulkes, P., Scobbie, J. M., & Watt, D. (2010). Sociophonetics. In W. J. Hardcastle, J. Laver, & F. E. Gibbon (Eds.), The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed., pp. 703–754). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 9781405145909	Peterson, G. E., & Barney, H. L. (1952). Control methods used in a study of the vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24(2), 175–184.
別名	Sociophonetics, Sociophonetic Variation Analysis, Phonetic Variation Analysis	Formant Analysis, Vowel Acoustic Analysis, F1-F2 Vowel Space Analysis
関連	4	4
概要	Sociophonetic analysis sits at the intersection of acoustic phonetics and variationist sociolinguistics. It applies the precise, quantitative measurement of phonetic variables — vowel formants, voice onset time (VOT), the spectral moments of /s/, and many others — to socially structured samples of speech, then correlates those measurements with social factors such as age, social class, gender, ethnicity, and region. The result is a fine-grained, statistically defensible account of how phonetic detail carries social meaning and how it patterns across communities and across time, increasingly built on large-scale, automated measurement.	Vowel formant analysis is the acoustic measurement workflow for characterizing vowel quality. Vowels are resonances of the vocal tract, and their identity is carried by the formants — the spectral peaks created by those resonances. The first formant F1 is inversely related to vowel height (low F1 for high vowels, high F1 for low vowels), and the second formant F2 tracks frontness/backness (high F2 for front vowels, low F2 for back vowels). By measuring F1 and F2, plotting vowels in the F1×F2 acoustic space, and normalizing across speakers with procedures such as Lobanov, Bark, and Nearey, analysts obtain a reproducible map of a vowel system that can be compared within and across speakers, dialects, and time.