手法を比較

	シミュレーション支援型事後実験計画法	後ろ向きコホート研究
分野	研究デザイン	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Ex post facto: 1964; simulation-assisted hybrid: 1990s–2000s	Mid-20th century (widely formalized 1950s–1970s)
提唱者	Kerlinger, F. N. (ex post facto basis); simulation integration drawn from computational social science (Axelrod, Epstein, 1990s)	Systematic use attributed to early 20th-century occupational epidemiology; formalized in modern epidemiological theory by Brian MacMahon and others
種類	Non-experimental observational design with computational augmentation	Observational analytic study
原典	Kerlinger, F. N. (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	simulation-enhanced causal-comparative design, ex post facto with simulation, retrospective simulation design, SAEPF design	historical cohort study, non-concurrent cohort study, retrospective follow-up study, historical prospective study
関連	4	6
概要	Simulation-assisted ex post facto design is a non-experimental observational approach in which the researcher examines already-occurred events or conditions using existing records and then supplements the empirical analysis with computational simulation to approximate counterfactual scenarios that cannot be observed in reality. The design retains the retrospective, naturalistic character of classic ex post facto research while leveraging agent-based, Monte Carlo, or system-dynamics simulation to address the inherent confound limitations of purely archival work.	A retrospective cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point and reconstructs their exposure history and subsequent outcomes entirely from pre-existing records. Because the data have already been collected before the study begins, the design is far faster and cheaper than a prospective cohort; however, the researcher must work with whatever information was recorded at the time rather than collecting purpose-built measurements.