手法を比較

	類似性と盗用：その区別を理解する	言い換え盗用
分野	研究倫理	研究倫理
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2000s	1980s
提唱者	Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)
種類	Concept	Concept
原典	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.
別名	similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage	insufficient paraphrase, close paraphrase, lazy paraphrasing
関連	4	4
概要	A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment.	Paraphrasing plagiarism occurs when an author rewrites another's ideas in different words but does not cite the source. Unlike verbatim plagiarism (copying word-for-word), paraphrasing plagiarism involves changing vocabulary and sentence structure while retaining the original argument, logic, or conceptual content without attribution. It is harder to detect than direct copying but is still a clear violation of academic integrity.