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| シフトシェア操作変数（Bartik操作変数）× | 差分の差 (Difference-in-Differences, DiD)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野≠ | 因果推論 | 計量経済学 |
| 系統 | Regression model | Regression model |
| 提唱年≠ | 2020 | 1994 |
| 提唱者≠ | Bartik (1991); identification framework by Goldsmith-Pinkham, Sorkin & Swift (2020) and Borusyak, Hull & Jaravel (2022) | Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment) |
| 種類≠ | Instrumental-variable design | Causal inference / panel regression |
| 原典≠ | Goldsmith-Pinkham, P., Sorkin, I. & Swift, H. (2020). Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How. American Economic Review, 110(8), 2586–2624. DOI ↗ | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 |
| 別名 | Bartik instrument, shift-share instrument, Shift-Share Araç Değişkeni (Bartik Instrument) | diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff) |
| 関連 | 5 | 5 |
| 概要≠ | The shift-share instrumental variable, widely known as the Bartik instrument, is a causal-inference strategy that builds an instrument by interacting national or sector-level shocks (the shifts) with local composition weights (the shares). Its modern identification framework was set out by Goldsmith-Pinkham, Sorkin and Swift (2020) and Borusyak, Hull and Jaravel (2022). | Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes. |
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