手法を比較

	自己盗用とテキストの再利用	類似性と盗用：その区別を理解する	逐語的盗用
分野	研究倫理	研究倫理	研究倫理
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s	2000s	1950s
提唱者	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)	Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)
種類	Concept	Concept	Concept
原典	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.	Council of Canadian Academies (2019). The state of science and technology in Canada. Ottawa: Council of Canadian Academies.
別名	text recycling, self-copying, duplicate publication, redundant publication	similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage	direct plagiarism, copy-and-paste plagiarism, literal copying
関連	2	4	4
概要	Self-plagiarism, or text recycling, occurs when an author reuses substantial portions of their own previously published work in a new publication without disclosure or acknowledgment. This includes republishing the same article in different venues, duplicating methods sections across multiple papers, or reusing discussion sections. While the intellectual property is the author's own, self-plagiarism is considered misconduct because it violates the principle that published work represents new research and it may inflate publication counts.	A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment.	Verbatim plagiarism is the most straightforward and recognizable form of academic misconduct: copying text word-for-word from a source without quotation marks, citation, or attribution. It is the most easily detected form of plagiarism and carries severe institutional and career consequences.